Abstract
Cell cultures are used in pharmaceutical, medical and biological sciences. Due to the ethical and cost limitations of in vivo models, the replaceable cell model that is more closely related to the characteristics of organisms, which has broad prospects and can be used for high-throughput drug screening is urgent. Neuronal and glial cell models have been widely used in the researches of neurological disorders. And the current researches on neuroinflammation contributes to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In this review, we describe the features of healthy and inflamed BBB and summarize the main immortalized cell lines of the central nervous system (PC12, SH-SY5Y, BV2, HA, and HBMEC et al.) and their use in the anti-inflammatory potential of neurological disorders. Especially, different co-culture models of neuroinflammatory, in association with immune cells in both 2D and 3D models are discussed in this review. In summary, 2D co-culture is easily practicable and economical but cannot fully reproduce the microenvironment in vivo. While 3D models called organs-on-chips or biochips are the most recent and very promising approach, which made possible by bioengineering and biotechnological improvements and more accurately mimic the BBB microenvironment.
Highlights
The in vivo experiment is an essential step in drug development, which helps to detect the drug efficacy, the development value, and the targeted therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases
Significant advances have been made in the regulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function in homeostasis and neuroinflammation, in that this review focuses on the cellular model that simulates BBB in neurological disorders
The results showed that nanofibers successfully supported the adhesion and growth of neural stem cells (NSC) and enhanced the differentiation of neurons compared with 2D substrates (Hajiali et al, 2018)
Summary
The in vivo experiment is an essential step in drug development, which helps to detect the drug efficacy, the development value, and the targeted therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases. In the studies of neurological disorders, in vivo models, such as the APP/PS1 transgenic AD model, experimental ischemic stroke model [middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)] or MPTP effect in the treatment of PD model and smoothly into clinical trials of new chemical entities (NCEs), are few successful. This may due to the differences in biology, complex brain structure, metabolism, and signal transduction cascade reaction of pathogenesis between the human body and experimental animals. To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease and establish a high throughput screening (HTS) model of drugs for nervous system diseases, it is imminent to have appropriate models for in vitro studies with neuroinflammation
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