Neuroimaging in Parkinson’s Disease: necessity or exaggeration?

Abstract

Neuroimaging plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes. In this paper, the authors elaborate on the necessity of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and its potential role in differential diagnosis versus other neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes such as dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome. The currently known characteristic abnormalities are listed and tabulated, current recommendations are summarised and sample images are provided. As routine MRI scanning in PD remains controversial, the authors' aim is to show the pros and cons in clinical practice. Additionally, the rationale for functional imaging examination, including [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT (DaTSCAN) and [99mTc]- HMPAO-SPECT, [18F]-FDG-PET, [123I]-mIBG-SPECT is discussed. This paper is accompanied by two illustrative clinical cases in which neuroimaging studies played a key role in diagnosis and further management. Neuroimaging can be helpful in differentiating PD from both atypical and symptomatic parkinsonism. Nevertheless, extensive neurological assessment in a majority of PD cases is sufficient to make a diagnosis. A network of specialists in movement disorders should be established in order to enable better, faster and more precise diagnosis of parkinsonism.