Abstract
An accurate etiological diagnosis in patients presenting with symptoms of cognitive decline is becoming progressively more important as new approaches to treatment are developed. Neuroimaging technology may play an important role in assisting in the diagnosis of various dementing disorders. A variety of neuroimaging methods have demonstrated varying degrees of sensitivity and specificity to the anatomical or physiological brain changes that accompany various dementing disorders. In addition to the clinical application of these techniques for diagnostic purposes, they also offer the opportunity to examine structural, functional, and biochemical changes in the brain that will lead to new insights regarding the pathophysiology of various dementias and advance our understanding about brain-behavior relationships. This paper reviews neuroimaging studies relevant to several of the most common non-Alzheimer's disease dementias including dementia with Lewy bodies, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, primary progressive aphasia and semantic dementia. The particular imaging techniques covered will include high resolution structural imaging with magnetic resonance imaging and functional neuroimaging techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography.
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