Abstract
This chapter reviews the existing literature on neuroimaging in autism spectrum disorders. Research methodology and significant findings from structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectrometry (MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET) are described. Overall, despite significant heterogeneity in study results, a pattern emerges suggesting early brain overgrowth in the first few years of life, followed by dysmaturation in adolescence. Connectivity analyses reveal impaired long-range connectivity as well as increased local and/or subcortical connectivity in ASD. Such findings help to inform hypotheses regarding the etiopathogenesis of this condition, but have yet to yield practical clinical applications.
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