Abstract
The possibility to control the rate of sexual stimulation that the female rat receives during a mating encounter (pacing) increases the number of newborn neurons that reach the granular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). If females mate repeatedly, the increase in the number of neurons is observed in other regions of the AOB and in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). It has also been shown that paced mating induces a reward state mediated by opioids. There is also evidence that opioids modulate neurogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated whether the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (NX) could reduce the increase in neurogenesis in the AOB induced by paced mating. Ovariectomized female rats were randomly divided in 5 different groups: 1) Control (not mated) treated with saline, 2) control (not mated) treated with naloxone, 3) females that mated without controlling the sexual interaction (no-pacing), 4) females injected with saline before pacing the sexual interaction and 5) females injected with NX before a paced mating session. We found, as previously described, that paced mating induced a higher number of new cells in the granular layer of the AOB. The administration of NX before paced mating, blocked the increase in the number of newborn cells and prevented these cells from differentiating into neurons. These data suggest that opioid peptides play a fundamental role in the neurogenesis induced by paced mating in female rats.
Highlights
The ability that female rats have to control the rate of sexual stimulation has been observed in natural, semi-natural and laboratory conditions [1,2,3,4,5]
The results of the present experiment further confirm previous observations indicating that paced mating induces a higher number of cells that differentiate into neurons in the AOB, 15 days after the paced mating encounter [15, 16]
The results demonstrate that naloxone injected prior to the paced mating test blocks the induction of new cells and neurons that reach the AOB
Summary
The ability that female rats have to control (pace) the rate of sexual stimulation has been observed in natural, semi-natural and laboratory conditions [1,2,3,4,5]. There are clear physiological and behavioral advantages when females pace the sexual interaction. They show higher levels of prolactin release after mating, have higher pregnancy rates and sire more pups than females not pacing the sexual interaction [1, 6]. It has been demonstrated that when females [5, 7] and males [8] paced the sexual interaction they developed a positive affective, reward, state as evaluated by the conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP).
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