Abstract
A mature teratoma is a germinal neoplasm that differentiates from embryonic multipotent cells into three germ layers. There may also be glandular tissue. The literature describes a total of 658 cases of ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms, mainly in women over 40 years of age. The authors, together with a systemic review, present a case of a 16-year-old girl diagnosed with and treated for a neuroendocrine tumor. Case description: A 16-year-old girl visited the Paediatric Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic because of abdominal pains that intensified during menstruation. Standard painkillers and diastolic drugs were ineffective. An ultrasound examination revealed a large tumor with a heterogeneous structure in her right ovary. A sparing operation was carried out. During laparotomy, the lesion was enucleated, leaving healthy tissue. Histopathological examination revealed the typical features of teratoma, as well as the coexistence of a G1 neuroendocrine tumor. Immunohistochemical examination (IHC) showed the presence of markers characteristic for this type of tumor. The patient requires constant monitoring in the Endocrinology and Oncological Gynaecology Clinic. Conclusion: Tissue of neuroendocrine neoplasm within a teratoma is rare in this age group of patients; thus, there are currently no standards for long-term follow-up. This case adds to the body of evidence and demonstrates a possible good prognosis with non-aggressive behavior in G1 neuroendocrine tumors and teratomas in young patients.
Highlights
Primary germ cell (PGC) migration and their invasion of the genital ridges directs the development of the indifferent gonads into a testis or ovary, as well as differentiation of the germ cells
Irregular lymphoid nodules and the accumulation of lymphocytes were present in the connective tissue of the mucosa of the alimentary tract
In some cells, cytoplasm was scanty and pale with large nuclei with dense chromatin and invisible nucleoli, and, in the others, the nucleus was typically vesicular with visible nucleoli
Summary
Primary germ cell (PGC) migration and their invasion of the genital ridges directs the development of the indifferent gonads into a testis or ovary, as well as differentiation of the germ cells. Aberrations during this process can lead to the appearance of germ cells anywhere, usually in the midline location, which is one of the steps in the PGC migration pathway from the yolk sac [1,2]. Teratomas are a common form of GCT. They can arise congenitally or can develop in childhood; in addition, especially with regard to gonadal teratomas, they develop over the course of life. Most cases are seen in people in their reproductive years [4]
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