Abstract
Animals can adjust their physiology, helping them survive and reproduce under a wide range of environmental conditions. One of the strategies to endure unfavorable environmental conditions such as low temperature and limited food supplies is dormancy. In some insect species, this may manifest as reproductive dormancy, which causes their reproductive organs to be severely depleted under conditions unsuitable for reproduction. Reproductive dormancy in insects is induced by a reduction in juvenile hormones synthesized in the corpus allatum (pl. corpora allata; CA) in response to winter-specific environmental cues, such as low temperatures and short-day length. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of dormancy-inducing conditions dependent on CA control mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster. This review summarizes dormancy control mechanisms in D. melanogaster and discusses the implications for future studies of insect dormancy, particularly focusing on juvenile hormone-dependent regulation.
Highlights
In animals, neuroendocrine systems play a crucial role in facilitating adaptation to a wide variety of environments (Schmidt-Nielsen, 1997)
When the CA of a non-dormant beetle is surgically ablated, the ovarian development is inhibited even under long-day conditions. These results indicate that the reduced concentration of juvenile hormones (JHs), which is biosynthesized in the CA, causes reproductive dormancy in L. decemlineata females
Trehalose/glycogen and trehalose/glucose ratios positively correlate with the dormancy rate (Watanabe et al, 2002; Kubrak et al, 2014; Anduaga et al, 2018). These observations raise a hypothesis that the biosynthesis of trehalose, an energy source and an anti-freezing material, is activated in dormant flies
Summary
Neuroendocrine systems play a crucial role in facilitating adaptation to a wide variety of environments (Schmidt-Nielsen, 1997). All of three classes of hormones are known to have a stimulatory effect on ovarian development, and a decrease in these signals in dormant individuals suppresses ovarian development (Denlinger, 2002; Emerson et al, 2009a; Denlinger et al, 2012; Uryu et al, 2015; Lenaerts et al, 2019; Santos et al, 2019; Swevers, 2019; Semaniuk et al, 2021) Among these three, JHs, the arthropod-specific sesquiterpenoid hormones, have been the most intensively studied in the long history of entomology to unravel their vital role in regulating reproductive dormancy in female adults. This review summarizes current knowledge about the mechanisms of reproductive dormancy in D. melanogaster females and discusses the remaining questions of the D. melanogaster dormancy, focusing on juvenile hormone-dependent regulation
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