Abstract
Common to all neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), irrespective of their site of origin, is the expression of synaptophysin and chromograninA. NENs of the head and neck region derive either from epithelial or neural/neuroectodermal tissues. The epithelial-type NENs express cytokeratins and include the well-differentiated typical and atypical carcinoids (also called low- and intermediate-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas by WHO), the poorly differentiated high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of small and large cell type and the mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasms. The neural-neuroectodermal-type NENs comprise olfactory neuroblastoma and paraganglioma, each of them with distinct clinicopathological characteristics. Olfactory neuroblastomas show aspectrum of histologic differentiation and are prognostically classified by Hyams grading. Paragangliomas often occur multiple and show afamilial background. Most head and neck NENs occur in the upper respiratory system. Their diagnosis follows the general guidelines for NENs, focusing on immunohistochemical profiling. Molecular examinations are so far only required in individual cases.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
