Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation, either benign or malignant, is the hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa). Clusters of malignant NE cells are found in most prostate cancer cases. NE differentiation is among the non-mutually exclusive theories proposed to explain the progression to androgen independence of PCa. NE differentiation is usually associated with an increased aggressivity and invasiveness of prostate tumors and a poor prognosis. This review aims to present an overview of current knowledge on neuroendocrine differentiation in PCa to improve our understanding of tumour progression and androgen independence. The NE component represents an important therapeutic axis. Development of new generation of drugs that selectively target NE-like cells may lead to the development of new therapeutic modalities for advanced and hormone-refractory PCa.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the Western countries
NE differentiation is among the non-mutually exclusive theories proposed to explain the progression to androgen independence of prostate cancer (PCa)
This review aims to present an overview of current knowledge on neuroendocrine differentiation in PCa to improve our understanding of tumour progression and androgen independence
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the Western countries. PCa depends on androgens in the early stages. Most patients respond initially to this treatment, the tumour eventually recurs and enters an androgen-independent stage for which treatment options are few and generally ineffective [4]. A lot of progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms which drive the development and the progression of PCa, and in particular factors leading to the development of androgen independence (Figure 1). In this regard, evidence has emerged that androgen-resistant. ● Production of neuropeptides and growth factors (autocrine/paracrine transmissions)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
