Neurodevelopmental disorders in children and the possibilities of their pharmacotherapy

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are characterized by disturbances of the formation of cognitive functions, communication skills, behavior characteristics and/or motor skills, which are caused by abnormalities in the course of the processes of neuroontogenesis. In the clinical practice of a pediatric neurologist and pediatrician, a significant part consists of patients with NDD without a general decrease in intelligence, primarily with speech development disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning disorders (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia). NDD represent a heterogeneous group of diseases, having multifactorial origin and a neurobiological nature, which are caused by genetic mechanisms and early (perinatal) brain damage. Among children with NDD, there is a higher occurrence of anxiety disorders compared to their peers. With NDD, early intervention is indicated, and its positive effect is possible during the period when the brain is most plastic and capable of changes. The published results of multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of pharmacotherapy with the medication "Tenoten for children" for ADHD, specific learning disorders, anxiety disorders and the consequences of perinatal damage to the central nervous system are reviewed.