Abstract
Opioid dependence is achronic mental disease with multifactorial etiology. The neurobiological theory of addiction focuses on the manipulation of the dopaminergic reward system as abasic property of substances with addictive potential including opioids. With regular opioid intake, the manipulation of the reward system results in acognitive bias towards drug-related stimuli. In addition, opioids inhibit the locus caeruleus, resulting in symptoms of sympathetic rebound during opioid detoxification. The pharmacokinetics of opioids also influence the risk of addiction. These biological factors are independent of the legal status of the individual opioid. Genetics also significantly influence the etiology. However, the assignment of this genetic influence is difficult because not only basic biological functions, but also personality traits and mental illnesses are genetically determined.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
