Neurobehavioral responses of neonatal rats to previously experienced odors of different concentrations

Abstract

Neonatal rats acquire an olfactory preference following daily exposure to an odor that is accompanied by tactile stimulation. In the present study, we determined the neurobehavioral responses of pups trained and tested with odors of either the same or different concentration. On postnatal day (PND) 1–18, all animals were exposed for 10 min/day to either peppermint or air while receiving perineal tactile stimulation. On PND 19, pups trained with a low odor concentration preferred that concentration to either air or a high odor concentration. However, rat pups trained with the high odor concentration preferred that odor to air, regardless of its concentration and showed equal preference between odor concentrations. These results suggest both that pups can learn to prefer a specific odor concentration and that they can learn to recognize odor quality across concentrations. To determine the neural responses to such stimuli, trained and control pups were exposed to either low or high peppermint odor concentrations following an injection of 14C-labelled 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Early experience with the high odor concentration resulted in the 2-DG uptake response to both test odor concentrations which was higher than that of pups that had previous experience with either the low odor concentration or with clean air. Though the 2-DG density did not increase with test odor concentration, the size of the 2-DG foci did, regardless of previous experience. The 2-DG response to odor concentration is, therefore, influenced by both previous experience and immediate odor stimulus characteristics that are revealed in parallel responses within the olfactory bulb.