Abstract
It is of interest to examine the adverse neuro-behavioural responses on mice treated with the aqueous crude extract of Heliotropium incanum (AEHI), which were evaluated using various behavioral paradigms. On the basis of median lethal dose value, doses of AEHI were chosen to be 150mg/kg and 440mg/kg for further experiment. Four groups comprising of five mice each were divided for the 14 days experiment. Group I, the control group, received distilled water; Group II and III received AEHI (150 mg/kg body weight and 440 mg/kg body weight) respectively; Group IV received standard drugs, Diazepam/Fluoxetine, administered orally. On administration of AEHI, it was revealed that dose 440 mg/kg showed less exploration activity in the hole board test; decrease in the number of squares crossed in locomotory test, time period in the open arm in the plus maze test was significantly reduced and the immobility time was significantly extended in comparison to control and standard drugs. The microscopic study of brain revealed damaged hippocampus along with nerve cells degeneration. Consequently, the results concluded that the outcome of the AEHI produced evidences for the anxiogenic activity in mice.
Highlights
India possesses vibrant knowledge in ethnomedicinal plants which serve as medicines for curing various ailments [1]
Four paradigms are considered in this study: elevated plus maze test (EPMT) in which the anxiety level is measured, hole board test (HBT) to examine the exploration behavior, forced swim test (FST) for assessing depression in mice and locomotor activity test (LAT) to measure the motor function
It is of interest to evaluate the adverse effect of aqueous crude extract of Heliotropium incanum Ruiz & Pav. (AEHI) emphasizing on the neurobehavioral responses displayed by mice using various neurobehavioral paradigms
Summary
India possesses vibrant knowledge in ethnomedicinal plants which serve as medicines for curing various ailments [1]. The traditional medicine probably in the form of herb or crude drug is a complex mixture of compounds, some useful and some harmful, but all are amalgamated into a single chemical concoction [2,3] It perhaps alters the actions of the nervous system, as different phytochemical compounds are present in plants. There are various behavioral tests designed to detect the dysfunction of the brain in mice [4] These paradigms are associated to analyze the locomotory, sensory, exploratory and depressive functions. (former name – Heliotropium indicum L.) belonging to the family- Boraginaceae is an annual herb commonly known as the “Cock's comb or Indian heliotrope” and locally called “Hathi soor” It has been used in different traditional practice of ailments such as skin diseases, stomachache, in whooping cough, in malaria, abdominal pain as well as act as an antitumor agent [5]. It is of interest to evaluate the adverse effect of aqueous crude extract of Heliotropium incanum Ruiz & Pav. (AEHI) emphasizing on the neurobehavioral responses displayed by mice using various neurobehavioral paradigms
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