Abstract
BackgroundRecently, non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been considered crucial factors in determining a patient’s quality of life and have been proposed as the predominant features of the premotor phase. Researchers have investigated the relationship between non-motor symptoms and the motor laterality; however, this relationship remains disputed. This study investigated the neural connectivity correlates of non-motor and motor symptoms of PD with respect to motor laterality.MethodsEight-seven patients with PD were recruited and classified into left-more-affected PD (n = 44) and right-more affected PD (n = 37) based on their MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) motor examination scores. The patients underwent MRI scanning, which included resting fMRI. Brain regions were labeled as ipsilateral and contralateral to the more-affected body side. Correlation analysis between the functional connectivity across brain regions and the scores of various symptoms was performed to identify the neural connectivity correlates of each symptom.ResultsThe resting functional connectivity centered on the ipsilateral inferior orbito-frontal area was negatively correlated with the severity of non-motor symptoms, and the connectivity of the contralateral inferior parietal area was positively correlated with the severity of motor symptoms (p < 0.001, |r| > 0.3).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the inferior orbito-frontal area may play a crucial role in non-motor dysfunctions, and that the connectivity information may be utilized as a neuroimaging biomarker for the early diagnosis of PD.
Highlights
Motor impairments are prominent in Parkinson’s disease (PD); non-motor symptoms have received increasingly greater attention as the features of the premotor phase that precede the motor symptoms [1]
The resting functional connectivity centered on the ipsilateral inferior orbito-frontal area was negatively correlated with the severity of non-motor symptoms, and the connectivity of the contralateral inferior parietal area was positively correlated with the severity of motor symptoms (p < 0.001, |r| > 0.3)
These results suggest that the inferior orbito-frontal area may play a crucial role in nonmotor dysfunctions, and that the connectivity information may be utilized as a neuroimaging biomarker for the early diagnosis of PD
Summary
Motor impairments are prominent in Parkinson’s disease (PD); non-motor symptoms have received increasingly greater attention as the features of the premotor phase that precede the motor symptoms [1]. Many clinical studies that examined motor laterality have focused on identifying a relationship between the more-affected side and other features, such as handedness or the manifestation of non-motor symptoms [3, 4]. It remains unclear how motor laterality is related to non-motor symptoms. To our knowledge, no study has filled the gap between lateralized connectivity changes and clinical features other than motor symptoms. We investigated the effects of motor laterality on various symptoms in terms of functional connectivity. This study investigated the neural connectivity correlates of non-motor and motor symptoms of PD with respect to motor laterality.
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