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Abstract
Selecting behavioral outputs in a dynamic environment is the outcome of integrating multiple information streams and weighing possible action outcomes with their value. Integration depends on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but how mPFC neurons encode information necessary for appropriate behavioral adaptation is poorly understood. To identify spiking patterns of mPFC during learned behavior, we extracellularly recorded neuronal action potential firing in the mPFC of rats performing a whisker-based “Go”/“No-go” object localization task. First, we identify three functional groups of neurons, which show different degrees of spiking modulation during task performance. One group increased spiking activity during correct “Go” behavior (positively modulated), the second group decreased spiking (negatively modulated) and one group did not change spiking. Second, the relative change in spiking was context-dependent and largest when motor output had contextual value. Third, the negatively modulated population spiked more when rats updated behavior following an error compared to trials without integration of error information. Finally, insufficient spiking in the positively modulated population predicted erroneous behavior under dynamic “No-go” conditions. Thus, mPFC neuronal populations with opposite spike modulation characteristics differentially encode context and behavioral updating and enable flexible integration of error corrections in future actions.
Highlights
The medial prefrontal cortex integrates and processes a multitude of information streams to drive behavior (Groenewegen and Uylings, 2000; Dalley et al, 2004; Gruber et al, 2010; Euston et al, 2012; Luchicchi et al, 2016)
Rats learned to report proximal (‘‘Go’’) location of an object by licking for a water reward (20–40 μl) while refraining from licking when the object was placed distally (‘‘No-go’’) to avoid a time out (TO) punishment (Figures 1A,B). ‘‘Go’’ trials were called Hit if the rat licks and Miss when the rat does not, licking during a ‘‘No-go’’ trial resulted medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) During Learned Behavior in a False Alarm (FA), while refraining from licking resulted in a Correct Rejection (CR)
Overall performance was stable between sessions, rats tended to show a higher probability to lick during early trials compared to late trials
Summary
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) integrates and processes a multitude of information streams to drive behavior (Groenewegen and Uylings, 2000; Dalley et al, 2004; Gruber et al, 2010; Euston et al, 2012; Luchicchi et al, 2016). MPFC During Learned Behavior outcome (Durstewitz et al, 2010; Euston et al, 2012; Horst and Laubach, 2012; Narayanan et al, 2013; Cho et al, 2015; Orsini et al, 2015; Guise and Shapiro, 2017; Malagon-Vina et al, 2018). Neuronal correlates of sensory information are found in the mPFC during auditory ‘‘Go’’/‘‘No-go’’ tasks (Pinto and Dan, 2015; Kamigaki and Dan, 2017) and during a visual attention task (Kim H. et al, 2016). Perturbation of normal mPFC function leads to a diversity of behavioral impairments (Narayanan and Laubach, 2006, 2008; Pinto and Dan, 2015; Koike et al, 2016; Lagler et al, 2016; Luchicchi et al, 2016; Bolkan et al, 2017; Guise and Shapiro, 2017)
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