Abstract
Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) has recently received much interest because it can be used to up- or downregulate brain activity non-invasively. However, its behavioral effects are highly variable. A better understanding of TBS influence on different neuronal populations is currently needed to improve its reproducibility. We showed that single-pulse TMS (120% of resting motor threshold) induces a short-latency burst of action potentials lasting 80 ms (Romero et al., Soc Neurosci 2016). Here, we measured the after-effects of continuous TBS (cTBS, 300 pulses) on the TMS-induced burst and spontaneous neuronal activity in macaque parietal cortex during passive fixation. We first searched for well isolated single neurons, and recorded stable TMS-evoked bursts before cTBS. Next, we applied cTBS, and immediately resumed the single-pulse TMS protocol to assess changes in excitability up to 50 minutes post-cTBS. cTBS caused a reduction in spontaneous activity (31%, p < 0.001) and a robust reduction (29%, p
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