Neural Circuits Involved in Torpor and Hibernation and Prospects for Artificial Hibernation Technology

Abstract

Mammals and birds are categorized as thermostatic animals and consume significant quantities of energy to maintain their body temperature. Body temperature in mammals is usually maintained within a narrow range of 36-37℃ despite fluctuations in the external temperature. However, during periods of food scarcity, which leads to a diminished source of energy, such as in winter, some species adopt a strategy to overcome the energy shortage by lowering their body temperature, which significantly reduces their basal metabolism (energy demand). This phenomenon is referred to as hibernation or torpor. Although physiological functions are greatly reduced, the animals can safely recover from prolonged periods of hibernation. This function is not only biologically interesting but also has potential applications in medicine, including in emergency medicine and in future human space exploration. In this paper, I have discussed the mechanisms underlying hibernation with regard to neural circuits that induce hypothermia, which currently remain unclear and the possibility of artificial hibernation in the future.