Abstract
Tactile sensation largely influences human perception, for instance when using a mobile device or a touch screen. Active touch, which involves tactile and proprioceptive sensing under the control of movement, is the dominant tactile exploration mechanism compared to passive touch (being touched). This paper investigates the role of friction stimulation objectively and quantitatively in active touch tasks, in a real human-computer interaction on a touch-screen device. In this study, 24 participants completed an active touch task involved stroking the virtual strings of a guitar on a touch-screen device while recording the electroencephalography (EEG) signal. Statistically significant differences in beta and gamma oscillations in the middle frontal and parietal areas at the late period of the active touch task are found. Furthermore, stronger beta event-related desynchronization (ERD) and rebound in the presence of friction stimulation in the contralateral parietal area are observed. However, in the ipsilateral parietal area, there is a difference in beta oscillation only at the late period of the motor task. As for implicit emotion communication, a significant increase in emotional responses for valence, arousal, dominance, and satisfaction is observed when the friction stimulation is applied. It is argued that the friction stimulation felt by the participants' fingertip in a touch-screen device further induces cognitive processing compared to the case when no friction stimulation is applied. This study provides objective and quantitative evidence that friction stimulation is able to affect the bottom-up sensation and cognitive processing.
Highlights
Touch-screen devices, such as mobile phones or tablets, have become increasingly more common in recent years
Beta power spectral density (PSD) showed significant differences associated with friction stimulation after 670 ms, and gamma PSD showed a significant difference after 870 ms
These results indicate that differences in beta and gamma PSDs in the parietal area occurred 50 ms and 150 ms earlier than the middle frontal area, respectively
Summary
Touch-screen devices, such as mobile phones or tablets, have become increasingly more common in recent years. Even though the lack of physical keys enlarges the display screen, it implies that all of the interactive components on the screen are inherently visual and rely on visual feedback. This may cause many interaction problems since users have to devote full visual attention to the interface, and can severely affect the performance of the user’s primary task (e.g., walking) or secondary task (e.g., interacting with the device, Yatani and Truong, 2007, 2009). The high visual demand of touch-screen interfaces raises an accessibility issue for people with visual impairments. Auditory feedback can provide an additional modality of interaction, this type of feedback is not always ideal or appropriate (privacy of interaction, ambient noise, etc., Abidin et al, 2013)
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