Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery in urology has undergone a rapid development in the last decade. In general, many studies have underlined the benefits of laparoscopy in urology. The latest innovations in the field of minimally invasive urology are aimed at a further reduction of the morbidity associated with minimally invasive surgery. Two novel innovations are currently being developed, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), whereby intraperitoneal access is gained through natural orifices and laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery (LESS), wherein one surgical access is used both for introducing instruments and for retrieving the specimen. Many case reports and small patient series have been published rapidly in the past two years. However, comparative randomised studies to conventional laparoscopy or open surgery do not yet exist. LESS and NOTES are two new innovative approaches, whereby feasibility studies not only for simple nephrectomy but also for complex procedures like partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, ureterocystoneostomy have been published. In the next few years, comparative studies between these techniques and conventional laparoscopy can be expected.
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