Network-Agnostic Adaptive PQ Adjustment Control for Grid Voltage Regulation in PV Systems

Abstract

The service of grid voltage regulation is required nowadays from inverter-based resources (IBRs) particularly at the lower voltage level. In the transmission network, this is easily managed by leveraging solely the reactive power (Q) capability of the IBR, but in distribution networks that are mix of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r$</tex-math></inline-formula> the voltage magnitude is coupled with both active (P) and reactive power injection. There are methods in the literature designed for these cases that utilize both P and Q in voltage regulation, but they usually require network and load data, which may not be readily available. Furthermore, they often disregard an apparent nonmonotonic relation between the inverter terminal voltage and the P/Q ratio risking instability. To fill this gap, this article introduces a network-agnostic P–Q adjustment technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems or other IBRs. The proposed technique tracks in a step-like manner the reference voltage set point if it is feasible, or the maximum grid voltage otherwise. This allows identification of the critical P/Q ratio without any prior information at the cost of limited voltage ripple due to a variable step-size strategy implemented. The superior performance of the proposed scheme is validated through simulations in MATLAB-Simulink in a reduced UKGDS 95-bus system and through lab experiments on a scaled down laboratory grade prototype.