Abstract
In this chapter we are concerned with two schemes for allocating traffic to the arcs of congested road networks: system optimal traffic assignment and user equilibrium traffic assignment. We begin with some cautionary remarks concerning terminology. Techniques for determining Nash equilibria of road networks are frequently collectively referred to by transportation engineers as traffic assignment . In some ways this choice of terminology is unfortunate since other branches of engineering tend to reserve the word “assignment” for normative , value-laden judgments informed by some measure of performance or social welfare. However, to transportation engineers, traffic assignment is the behavior-based allocation of origin-destination specific, forecasted travel demands to the arcs of a real physical road network. As such, traffic assignment involves foresight and is intrinsically a descriptive or positive modeling exercise. Furthermore, because traffic assignment allocates origin-destination specific travel demands to paths of the network of interest in order to determine arc flows, traffic assignment is fundamentally a problem of route selection .
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