Network-theoretic modeling of complex activity using UK online sex advertisements

Mayank Kejriwal,Yao Gu

doi:10.1007/s41109-020-00275-1

Abstract

Online sex has become a fast-growing business in both developing and developed network, with advertisements of (not necessarily unique) individuals numbering in the hundreds of millions across different Web portals. One such major hub of sex advertisement activity, before it was shut down by US federal agencies, was backpage.com. The backpage.com website was a classifieds-advertising portal that had become the largest marketplace for buying and selling sex by the time that federal law enforcement agencies seized it in April 2018. Since then, investigations have been actively underway. However, the data (which has recently been made available to us for research on UK Backpage) also offers valuable insights into the nature of the online sex business, including complex properties that can be best studied using network science. One of the challenges, however, is a rigorous modeling of the data as a network, since the primary data are web advertisements and metadata (backend database) on accounts that posted that ad. In this article, we conduct an empirical study of an important sample of the online sex marketplace using UK backpage, including presenting a methodology for constructing simple ‘activity networks’ that define some notion of real-world collaboration or connection between two entities (in our case, at the level of ad-posting accounts) and then studying the properties of these networks. We gather a set of insights into a domain that has not been studied at scale, let alone a national level, but that is continuing to be a growing social problem for many countries.

Highlights

The rise of the Web has had an unfortunate side effect, namely the emergence of illicit domains and marketplaces
As we describe in subsequent sections, our data is from a single high-quality source (Backpage) that presents a broad view of the domain, spanning multiple regions and cities in the United Kingdom (UK)
In the case studies that we describe towards the end of the article, we find that a network-based sampling of accounts is more likely to yield ‘suspicious’ signals of trafficking and involvement of young individuals even compared to sampling accounts that have posted a high number of advertisements

Summary

Introduction

The rise of the Web has had an unfortunate side effect, namely the emergence of illicit domains and marketplaces. We argue through the case studies that high-degree accounts in the activity network represent qualitatively more interesting and suspicious behavior than another standard measure of account activity (the number of ads posted by an account).

Results

Conclusion