Network Pharmacology-Based Validation of Traditional Therapeutic Claim of Momordica Charantiain Alleviating Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

For centuries, medicinal plants have been playing an important role in the alleviation of various diseases, traditionally. Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia) is a folk medicinal herb belong to the Cucurbitaceae family, used as the folk medicinal regime for the treatment of diabetes or diabetic nephropathy (DN), traditionally. Due to the lack of scientific evidence based on its molecular mechanism for treating DN, the study is aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of M. charantia metabolites using a network pharmacology approach. Furthermore, ADME analysis was performed to determine the lipophilicity and the drug-likeness response of the metabolites. The network pharmacology results showed a multi-mechanistic and therapeutic role of the metabolites present M. charantia by regulating several genomes involved in the pathophysiology of DN. Mean while, M. charantia ameliorates endothelial dysfunction, fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, acute kidney injury, fibrosis, hypertensive disease, obesity, etc. furthermore, it was also found that the targets potentially play an essential role in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress-induced inflammation. In ADME analysis, each selected molecule of M. charantia exhibited good gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, lipophilicity and bioavailability response. Hence, it can be demonstrated that M. charantiapossesses several metabolites including polyphenols which exhibit an important role in the treatment of DN via regulation of several genomes such as AKTs, CASPs, MAPKs, ILs, NOs, etc, responsible for its pathophysiology. Furthermore, the generated evidence validates the traditional claim of M. charantia for alleviating DN.