Abstract
We explore the influence of deuteron formation in the late stage of nucleus-nucleus reactions on the fluctuations observed in the final net-proton yields around midrapidity. At each investigated energy, the produced (anti)proton yield at chemical freeze-out is assumed to fluctuate according to a Poisson distribution and in each event the probability for deuteron formation by coalescence is proportional to ${(d{N}_{\mathrm{proton}}/dy)}^{2}$. The protons that are then clustered in deuterons are usually not included in the experimental measurement of the net-proton fluctuations, therefore, we subtract these clustered protons from the final state proton number for the calculation of the net-proton fluctuations (the same is done in the antiproton sector). Due to the nonlinear deuteron formation probability the resulting distribution is not a Skellam distribution, but shows the interesting feature of a decrease in the kurtosis $\ensuremath{\kappa}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2}$ and a local maximum in the skewness $S\ensuremath{\sigma}$ observables as the collision energy decreases.
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