Nervous signs of salt poisoning in Wistar rats

Abstract

Acute salt poisoning in animals leads to inflammation, gastroenteritis, and diarrhea. Neurological signs include blindness, muscular paralysis, deafness, and general weakness. In this study, nervous signs of salt poisoning in rats were examined. Twenty five Wistar rats, weighing 200 ± 20 g, were allocated randomly to five groups: 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% salt solution and control group drank tap water. Following salt solution consumption, physical and neurological examinations were performed twice daily. One percent salt solution did not produce significant neurological signs, whereas consuming 2% salt solution was associated with different nervous system effects including muscle tremor, lethargy, hyperreflexia, imbalance in movement, and rotatory rhythmic movements. Consumption of 3% and 4% salt solutions led to reduction in hearing acuity, deafness, blindness, lethargy, severe complications, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality in a period less than one week. Consuming salt solutions higher than 1% was associated with continuous water loss, dehydration, and weight loss and concordant with these changes, hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity occurred. Decrease in sensitivity to stimuli, irritability, disorientation and incoordination, involuntary movements, ataxia, sensory and motor disturbances, blindness, weakness, respiratory distress, colonic seizures and coma, sudden and unexplained deaths were observed in affected animals.