Abstract

Ultrasound of the peripheral nerve system (PNUS) became a promising and highly respected diagnostic tool in the recent past. Especially in entrapment syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome und cubital tunnel syndrome, but also in peripheral nerve tumours and nerve injuries high resolution ultrasound up to 20MHz became a diagnostic gold standard. Recent works described focal and generalized nerve enlargement also in demyelinating immune-mediated neuropathies (e.g. Guillain-Barré-Syndrom GBS, chronic-inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy CIDP, multifocal motor neuropathy MMN). While this phenomenon was already known in inherited neuropathies like Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1, these new findings could implicate a new role for peripheral nerve ultrasound in demyelinating and axonal neuropathies. This review gives an overview of the actual literature and should point out, whether PNUS reveals a new diagnostic tool in neuromuscular disorders and neuropathies.

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