Nerve-Sparing Technique during Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy: Critical Steps

Abstract

Study ObjectiveTo show the feasibility and safety of nerve-preserving laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (type C1 Querleu-Morrow Classification [1]) for the treatment of early cervical cancer. DesignA surgical video article (Canadian Task Force classification III). SettingA university hospital (University Hospital of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain). PatientsNerve-preserving radical hysterectomy is performed in a patient with Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique stage 1B1 cervical cancer with deep stromal invasion. InterventionsThree steps are fundamental for the removal of the cérvix with a safe oncologic margin and preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves [2].1. Step 1: for the correct preservation of the pelvic splanchnic nerves (ventral roots from spinal nerves S2-S4) and the inferior hypogastric plexus during the section of the paracervix, it is essential to identify the deep uterine vein. This vein will correspond with the inferior limit of the dissection.2. Step 2: during the dissection of the uterosacral ligament and after dissecting the Okabayashi space, the inferior hypogastric nerve is isolated. This nerve runs 2 cm parallel below the uterosacral ligament in the peritoneal leaf of the broad ligament.3. Step 3: during the section of the vesicouterine ligament, the lateral side must be preserved because it includes the medial and inferior vesical veins that drain to the deep uterine vein. ConclusionNerve-sparing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy is an attractive surgical approach for early-stage cervical cancer. Direct visualization of the pelvic autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic branches) innervating the bladder and rectum makes the nerve-sparing approach a safe and feasible procedure.