Abstract
BackgroundOsseointegration is the premise of the chewing function of dental implant. Nerve growth factor (NGF), as a neurotrophic factor, can induce bone healing. However, the influence of NGF-chondroitin sulfate (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA)-coating composite implant on the osseointegration and innervations is still not entirely clear.Materials and methodsNGF-CS/HA-coating composite implants were prepared using the modified biomimetic method. The characteristics of NGF-CS/HA-coating implants were determined using a scanning electron microscope. After NGF-CS/HA-coating implants were placed in the mandible of Beagle dogs, the early osseointegration and innervation in peri-implant tissues were assessed through X-ray, Micro-CT, maximal pull-out force, double fluorescence staining, toluidine blue staining, DiI neural tracer, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR assays.ResultsNGF-CS/HA-coating composite implants were made successfully, which presented porous mesh structures with the main components (Ti and HA). Besides, we revealed that implantation of NGF-CS/HA-coating implants significantly changed the morphology of bone tissues and elevated maximum output, MAR, BIC, and nerve fiber in the mandible of Beagle dogs. Moreover, we proved that the implantation of NGF-CS/HA-coating implants also markedly upregulated the levels of NGF, osteogenesis differentiation, and neurogenic differentiation-related genes in the mandible of Beagle dogs.ConclusionImplantation of NGF-CS/HA-coating composite implants has significant induction effects on the early osseointegration and nerve regeneration of peri-implant tissues in the mandible of Beagle dogs.
Highlights
With the development of oral implantology, implant prostheses have become vital methods for the effective treatment of dentition defects and loss and restoration of oral function [1]
HA and Nerve growth factor (NGF)-chondroitin sulfate (CS)/HA coatings were prepared by the modified biomimetic method, and the characteristics and ingredients of HA and NGF-CS/HA coatings were identified through Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer
Dogs were sacrificed at the observation time point, the implants with thin bone tissues in the bilateral premolar area were removed with a circular bone drill with a diameter of 4.0 (Fig. 2d)
Summary
With the development of oral implantology, implant prostheses have become vital methods for the effective treatment of dentition defects and loss and restoration of oral function [1]. Since implant placement typically requires a 3–6-month osseointegration cycle, the combination of implant and bone interface is the premise of successful dental implant restoration [4]. The surface characteristics of dental implants can affect the biological reaction after implant implantation and directly affect the bone healing rate, bone binding rate, and bone binding strength of the interface, which is very important for the normal exercise of implant function [5]. Research proved that the surface characteristics of dental implants can directly affect the speed of bone healing, the rate of bone bonding, and the strength of bone bonding [6]. The surface modification of implants is to change the surface morphology and composition of implants by means of physical, chemical, and biological methods to promote bone-tissue growth around the implants [7]. The influence of NGF-chondroitin sulfate (CS)/ hydroxyapatite (HA)-coating composite implant on the osseointegration and innervations is still not entirely clear
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