Nerve Decellularized Matrix Composite Scaffold With High Antibacterial Activity for Nerve Regeneration.

Yan Kong,Di Wang,Yumin Yang,Qufu Wei

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.840421

Yan Kong, Di Wang + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.840421

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Abstract

Nerve decellularized matrix (NDM) has received much attention due to its natural composition and structural advantages that had proven to be an excellent candidate for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, NDM with simultaneous biocompatibility, promoting nerve regeneration, as well as resistant to infection was rarely reporter. In this study, a porous NDM-CS scaffold with high antimicrobial activity and high biocompatibility was prepared by combining the advantages of both NDM and chitosan (CS) in a one-step method. The NDM-CS scaffold possessed high porosity and hydrophilicity, exhibited excellent biocompatibility which was suitable for cell growth and nutrient exchange. Meanwhile, NDM-CS scaffold had a significant antibacterial effect on both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which could avoid wound infection during the repair process. In addition, the NDM-CS scaffold could support the growth and viability of Schwann cells effectively. Among them, the E2C1 group had the strongest ability to enhance proliferation, polarization and migration of Schwann cells among the three groups. The positive effect on Schwann cells indicated their ability in the process of nerve injury repair. Therefore, this NDM-CS scaffold may have potential prospects for application in neural tissue engineering.

Highlights

Tissue engineering nerve scaffolds have aroused the interest of researchers because of their potential to replace autologous nerves (Jahromi et al, 2019)
The E1C2 group showed the greatest degree of shear-thinning, while the E2C1 group showed the least degree of shear-thinning. This phenomenon was mainly caused by chitosan
The trend of viscosity changes was consistent with the trend of shear-thinning which indicated that the effect of chitosan solution on viscosity change was significant

Summary

Introduction

Tissue engineering nerve scaffolds have aroused the interest of researchers because of their potential to replace autologous nerves (Jahromi et al, 2019). The ideal tissue engineering nerve scaffold mainly contains three elements: biomaterials, supporting cells and growth factors (Yi et al, 2019). The threedimensional structure of the nerve scaffold could provide enough pores and a staggered structure as growth space. Many tissue-engineered neural scaffolds based on natural or synthetic materials were composed of polymer materials (Ghane et al, 2021; Lu et al, 2021). Natural materials are more suitable than synthetic materials due to their biocompatibility, degradability, and potential hazards (Yang et al, 2007; Li et al, 2019). Another major problem after nerve scaffold implantation was bacterial infection (Tang et al, 2021a)

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