Nerve compression syndromes at the elbow

Abstract

All three major peripheral nerves to the forearm and hand traverse the elbow joint. Each nerve has a complex pathway intertwining between and around the other soft tissue structures around the joint that allow stability and mobility. Each nerve glides freely in a pulleyed tunnel that allows both efficiency of motion and provides soft tissue protection.The symptoms of nerve entrapment and compression vary with each nerve depending on the degree of compression and the nature of the nerve fascicles involved: altered sensation; tingling; weakness; pain.This article discusses entrapment syndromes of the median, ulnar and radial nerves at the elbow including cubital tunnel syndrome, radial tunnel syndrome, posterior interosseous nerve compression, anterior interosseous nerve compression and pronator syndrome. The anatomical course, clinical features, investigations and treatment strategies for management are all considered.