Nephroprotective Effect of the Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenol Hydroxytyrosol in Type 1-like Experimental Diabetes Mellitus: Relationships with Its Antioxidant Effect

María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez,Juan Antonio López-Villodres,María Monsalud Arrebola,África Fernández-Prior,María Carmen Ríos,Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria,José Antonio González-Correa,José Pedro De La Cruz,Esther Martín-Aurioles

doi:10.3390/antiox10111783

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether hydroxytyrosol administration prevented kidney damage in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Hydroxytyrosol was administered to streptozotocin-diabetic rats: 1 and 5 mg/kg/day p.o. for two months. After hydroxytyrosol administration, proteinuria was significantly reduced (67–73%), calculated creatinine clearance was significantly increased (26–38%), and the glomerular volume and glomerulosclerosis index were decreased (20–30%). Hydroxytyrosol reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress variables and thromboxane metabolite production. Statistical correlations were found between biochemical and kidney function variables. Oral administration of 1 and 5 mg/kg/day of hydroxytyrosol produced an antioxidant and nephroprotective effect in an experimental model of type 1-like diabetes mellitus. The nephroprotective effect was significantly associated with the systemic and renal antioxidant action of hydroxytyrosol, which also influenced eicosanoid production.

Highlights

Area of Human Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Management Unit, Hospital Axarquía, AGSEMA, 29740 Málaga, Spain; Clinical Management Unit La Roca, Distrito Sanitario, AGSEMA, 29740 Málaga, Spain; Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), These authors have contributed to this work
Diabetic animals, controls, and those treated with hydroxytyrosol, ingested a greater quantity of feed and water daily (Figure 1). 13.8
The results of this study show that hydroxytyrosol administered orally for 8 weeks to rats with experimental type 1-like diabetes mellitus reduced the main variables related to kidney damage caused by persistent hyperglycemia over time

Summary

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine whether hydroxytyrosol administration prevented kidney damage in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Oral administration of 1 and 5 mg/kg/day of hydroxytyrosol produced an antioxidant and nephroprotective effect in an experimental model of type 1-like diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the most serious microangiopathic complication that can occur in the evolution of a patient with diabetes mellitus. It is estimated that approximately 180 million patients with diabetes mellitus worldwide have some form of kidney injury [2]. Diabetic nephropathy remains silent throughout life in some of these patients [3], when this complication is not well controlled, most patients will eventually need dialysis and, possibly, kidney transplantation

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