NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF SOLANUM NIGRUM LINN LEAVES OR SEEDS AND THEIR MIXTURE AGAINST GENTAMICIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

Abstract

Abstract The present study aimed to elucidate the nephroprotective effect of different doses of aqueous extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn (AE-SN)leaves or seeds and their mixture against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty eight mature male rats weighted (160±5g) were randomly divided into eight groups 6 rats each. Group (1) rats were fed on basal diet and served as a negative control, while the other 7 groups were intoxicated by a single intraperioneal dose (100 mg/kg) of gentamicin to rats at the 4th week; once daily for end of the experiment (4 weeks) for induction of nephrotoxicity. Group (2) was kept intoxicated ( a positive control group ) while groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were pre- treated orally with AE-SN extract of leaves and seeds in a dose of 250 and 500mg/kg b.wt., respectively for 4 weeks. Groups 7 and 8 were pre- treated orally with a mixture of aqueous extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn leaves and seeds in a dose of 250 and 500mg/kg b.wt respectively for 4 weeks.Feed intake was calculated daily and body weight gain was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected and kidneys were weighted, dissected out and taken for biochemical analyses and histopathological study. Pre- treatment with AE-SN extract of leaves or seed and their mixture improved feed intake and increased body weight gain and normalized kidney weight compared to GM intoxicated rats. Also AE-SN significantly improved levels of renalmarkers and maintaining the electrolyte balance by decreasing serum level of some mineral element (Na, K and P), and increase level of calcium and vit. D. in serum compared to negative control group. Improved renal function by AE-SN treatment caused an increase in Renin , Erythropoietin (EPO) and parathyroid hormones. There were also an increase in renal antioxidant enzyme activity and partial amelioration of renal degeneration. In conclusion AE-SN aqueous extract of leave was more effective than aqueous extract of seeds. Pre-treatment with AE-SN mixture at high doses, significantly normalized level of renal markers and antioxidant activities. Ameliorative effects of AE-SN leaves or seeds and their mixture against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity may be attributed to their antioxidant properties. Key words: nephrotoxicity, SolanumNigrumLinn gentamicin & rat.