Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (NIC) is directly related to increased morbidity and mortality, and its treatment and prevention might be achieved by the administration of antioxidant products. The jucara palmetto (Euterpe edulis Martius) has fruits rich in phenolic compounds, which are known for their antioxidant activity. This work aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of E. edulis pulp in the NIC animal model. The collected fruits were pulped, their contents of polyphenols and anthocyanins were quantified, and their antioxidant activity were evaluated. The nephroprotective effects were determined based on iodine contrast induction and evaluated by biochemical and histological analyses. The results showed that E. edulis pulp was rich in polyphenols (811 ± 16.7 mg EAG/g) and anthocyanins (181.25 mg/100 g) and had very strong antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) method, which revealed an antioxidant activity index (AAI) of 3.4, and the 2,29-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method, which revealed an IC50 of 0.59 ± 0.03 mg/mL. In the in vivo experiments, E. edulis pulp tended to provide renal protection and reduce renal dysfunction and tubular morphological lesions in mice after the induction of NIC, and these effects were obtained through the antioxidant activities of the polyphenols in the pulp.
Highlights
Acute renal injury, which is known as contrast nephropathy (NIC), is an iatrogenic condition caused by procedures involving the administration of iodinated contrast agents, which are often used in imaging diagnostics
The results of the present study provide the first demonstration of the renal protective effect of E. edulis pulp, and the mechanism of action likely involves the antioxidant effect of polyphenolic substances and resulting in decreased renal dysfunction and Biochemical target AST FA GGT Urea Creatinine Total protein Albumine
It should be noted that the observed CI50 of E. edulis pulp, which is a nonconcentrated product from the edible part of the fruit, is similar to the values obtained for the synthetic antioxidants BHT, TBHQ and quercetin, which are compounds with known antioxidant activity (Silva, Jorge, 2011; Wang et al, 2008; Scherer, Godoy, 2009)
Summary
Acute renal injury, which is known as contrast nephropathy (NIC), is an iatrogenic condition caused by procedures involving the administration of iodinated contrast agents, which are often used in imaging diagnostics. The exact pathogenesis of NIC is currently under debate, but it has been confirmed that NIC is caused by a combination of factors (Osthoff, Trendelenburg, 2013; Andreucci et al, 2014), such as renal and vascular tubular injury accompanied by direct and indirect influences of reactive oxygen species (EROs) (Heyman et al, 2010). Sufficient histological changes, at proximal tubular lesions, are observed in NIC, and these result in a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate due to the iodinated contrast agent (Billings et al, 2008; Andreucci et al, 2014; Diogo, Bahlis, Carvalhal, 2014).
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