Neotropical Studies on Hymenochaetaceae: Unveiling the Diversity and Endemicity of Phellinotus.

Carlos A Salvador-Montoya,Elisandro R Drechsler-Santos,Sebastián Martínez,Orlando F Popoff,Gerardo L Robledo,Aristóteles Góes-Neto,Carlos Urcelay,Samuel G Elias

doi:10.3390/jof8030216

Abstract

Phellinotus, a neotropical genus of wood-decay fungi commonly found on living members of the Fabaceae family, was initially described as containing two species, P. neoaridus and P. piptadeniae. The members of this genus, along with six other well-established genera and some unresolved lineages, are the current representatives of the ‘phellinotus clade’. On the other hand, based on a two-loci phylogenetic analysis, some entities/lineages of the ‘phellinotus clade’ have been found in Fomitiporella s.l. In this work, we performed four-loci phylogenetic analyses and based on our results the genera of the ‘phellinotus clade’ are shown to be monophyletic groups. In addition to the natural groups confirmed as different genera, morphological revisions, phylogenetic relationships, and host distribution of different specimens resembling P. neoaridus and P. piptadeniae revealed three new species in the Phellinotus genus, referred to here as P. magnoporatus, P. teixeirae and P. xerophyticus. Furthermore, for P. piptadeniae a narrower species concept was adopted with redefined morphological characters and a more limited distribution range. Both P. neoaridus and P. teixeirae have a distribution range restricted to seasonally dry tropical forests in South America. Additionally, based on detailed morphological revisions Phellinus badius, Phellinus resinaceus, and Phellinus scaber are transferred to the Phellinotus genus. The geographic distribution and host range of the genus are then discussed.

Highlights

Phellinotus Drechsler-Santos, Robledo & Rajchenb. is a genus of wood-decay fungi characterized by perennial basidiomata with dark lines and a mycelial core, as well as a monomitic hyphal system in the context, a dimitic hyphal system in the tubes, and yellowish basidiospores with a flattened side that become chestnut brown in KOH solution [1].The genus is defined using a morphological and phylogenetic approach
The general topology recovered in the phylogenetic inferences based on the four-loci combined dataset of the ‘phellinotus clade’ (Figure 1) is congruent with previous studies [1,2,3] and seven genera were recovered as monophyletic lineages with strong support in the ‘phellinotus clade’: Arambarria (BS = 100/Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) = 1), Inocutis (BS = 100/BPP = 1), Fomitiporella s.str. (BS = 100/BPP = 1), Fulvifomes (BS = 100/BPP = 1), Phellinotus (BS = 90/BPP = 1), Phylloporia (BS = 100/BPP = 1), and Rajchenbergia (BS = 97/BPP = 1), besides the reminiscent groups of Fomitiporella s.l
Phellinotus badius, P. resinaceus, and P. scaber are presented in a correct taxonomic status

Summary

Introduction

The genus is defined using a morphological and phylogenetic approach. & Pildain, Fomitiporella Murrill s.str., Fulvifomes Murrill, Inocutis. Fiasson & Niemelä, Phylloporia Murrill, and Rajchenbergia Salvador-Montoya, Popoff &. Drechsler-Santos, as well as some other taxonomically unresolved lineages within the ‘phellinotus clade’ [1,2,3]. Based on two-loci molecular data, previous studies have shown that the genera of the ‘phellinotus clade’ are monophyletic groups [1,2,3]. Fomitiporella is considered to be a broad category (Fomitiporella s.l.) and Arambarria, Fomitiporella s.str. Phellinotus, and Rajchenbergia are not considered natural groups [4,5]

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