Neostigmine Reversal of Vecuronium Neuromuscular Block and the Influence of Renal Failure

Abstract

The duration of clinical relaxation induced by vecuronium and reversal by neostigmine was studied in 40 patients with renal failure (RF) and 40 patients with normal renal function (NL) under general anesthesia.Patients were premedicated with flunitrazepam, and anesthesia commenced with fentanyl 1-2 micro gram/kg, thiopental 5-8 mg/kg, and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen, isoflurane 0.3%-1.0% end-tidal concentration, and 1 micro gram/kg fentanyl every 20-30 min. Neuromuscular block was reversed by the administration of intravenous neostigmine 40 mg/kg at the time of reappearance of either two or four responses to the train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. Monitoring of neuromuscular function consisted of supramaximal TOF stimulation of the ulnar nerve and the evoked thumb response was registered using a force transducer. Spontaneous recovery time, reversal time, and the time to recovery of TOF ratio to 0.7 were recorded. RF did not prolong the vecuronium neuromuscular blocking effect, reversal was achieved at the same rate in NL as in RF, and the duration of reversal of neuromuscular blocking effect of vecuronium was not influenced by the time of administration of neostigmine. Therefore, the neuromuscular blocking effect of a tracheal intubating dose of vecuronium can be reversed at the same rate in patients with end-stage RF as in patients with normal kidney function. (Anesth Analg 1996;82:134-8)