NEONATAL LEUKEMIA: ASPECTS OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Abstract

Diseases emerging in the neonatal period can manifest themselves only with a limited number of variants of clinical manifestations and laboratory syndromes. Despite this, the etiology of pathological conditions that occur in the neonatal period is very diverse and requires significant reserves of the theoretical base from a neonatologist and a pediatrician who is involved in clinical support and observation of patients of the neonatal period, as well as clinical experience regarding differential diagnosis. Neonatal leukemias refer to malignant processes with a rapid progressive course, which, due to the intensive development of the pathological process, can acquire an incurable character and threaten newborn’s life. Therefore, the issues of differential diagnosis of neonatal leukemias are relevant even despite the low incidence of this pathology among the cohort of neonatal patients.The presented article discusses the main clinical and laboratory syndromes of neonatal leukemia, which can occur as clinical manifestations of other diseases of the neonatal period; specifies the features, as well as the individual characteristics of each of the syndromes in different pathological conditions. Determination of combinations of clinical and laboratory syndromes in generalized infections in the neonatal period, non-malignant hematological diseases and neoplastic processes makes it possible to use these diphenifications in the diagnostic algorithm of neonatal conditions with the definition of further therapeutic tactics for managing a pediatric patient.