Abstract

Metaphorically, the Three Musketeers can represent our defenses against viral pathogens. Actually, there were four Musketeers; the hero D'Artagnan was an add-on. In Dumas's novel, the Musketeers' motto, “one for all and all for one,” indicated a synergistic approach. Our four antiviral defenses include specific and nonspecific antiviral therapy, passive immunization, and, finally, active immunization, represented by D'Artagnan. We do not have all these defenses for every pathogen. Although active and passive immunization and nonspecific treatment (vitamin A)1 are available for measles, it would be better if a specific therapy existed, particularly now, when some parents are not vaccinating their . . .

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