Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Cardiac Disease in Iranian Population

Abstract

Background: Maternal cardiac disease has a significant impact on fetal health and increase the risk of neonatal complications. This case-control study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of fetal and neonatal morbidities of mothers with cardiac disorders. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, all pregnant mothers with underlying cardiac diseases, from March 2012 to September 2017, referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital were enrolled in the study through convenience and sequential sampling. The case group included 100 pregnant mothers with cardiac diseases and the control group comprised 200 expectant mothers without any cardiac diseases. Neonatal and maternal complications were investigated respectively. Results: The mean age of mothers was 35.44 ± 4.52 years in the case group and 32.04 ± 4.92 years in the control group. Type of delivery, place of delivery, hospitalization ward, maternal age, gravidity, and gestational age were significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.001), as were neonatal weight, gestational age, 5-min Apgar score (P = 0.001), and 1-min Apgar score (P = 0.005). Need for resuscitation and respiratory distress were significantly higher in cases (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study found that investigated complications were more frequent in neonates of mothers with heart diseases. Detection of these complications can improve the outcomes in these neonates.