Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) is frequently used to lessen the respiratory distress syndrome in extremely low birth weight infants. Common side effects of neonatal DEX treatment (NDT) in extremely low birth weight infants include hypertension, bowel perforation, infection, ventricular hypertrophy, catabolic changes, and the alteration of the limbic hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Previous studies suggested that NDT could alter brain development and cognitive function, which might result in adverse consequences in adult age. This article reviews the recent founding of neonatal glucocorticoids (GCs) administration and its long-term adverse effects.
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