Abstract
During field surveys in the Atlantic Forest of Southern Brazil, specimens of a poroid and pileate species of Hymenochaetaceae were found and are described as a new species, Neomensularia meridionalis. This species is morphologically and phylogenetically (ITS and nLSU) close to Neomensularia crocitincta, distributed in Central America, Cuba and Jamaica, but can be distinguished by its larger basidiomata, a duplex context featuring a distinct black line, and golden yellow basidiospores. Additionally, an updated identification key for Neomensularia species worldwide is provided.
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