Abstract
Neoliberalism has in the past three decades had a tremendous impact on both thought and practice throughout most of the world, and has dominated international development since the early 1980s. Although neoliberalism presents itself as modern and progressive, it is argued that the underlying ideologies and power agendas have their origins in the political debates of the eighteenth century and earlier. Through an analysis of neoliberalism from a world-historical and global perspective, indications are seen that the international development agenda has more to do with political and economic interests than with benevolent pro-poor development. This leads to the debate about redistribution of resources and State-led Development versus Free-market Development, which is inextricable from the discussion of Liberal Democratic Peace Theory versus Realism. From this perspective it is argued that the notion of democratic peace is used as a popular seductive rhetoric, to legitimize western military interventions and the imposition of economic policies in the name of democracy, human rights and free market economy. In this context, it is argued that neoliberalism cannot be analysed without also considering inherent links to imperialism and neo-colonialism, which is being resisted by pan-African movements.
Highlights
Neoliberalism is the grand political and economic project of our time that since the early 1980s has had a tremendous effect on most people around the world
Neoliberalism cannot be analysed in isolation from the globalisation and imperialism that neoliberalism is a part of a hegemonic project, which concentrates power and wealth in local and trans-national elite groups around the world by transferring state owned assets to private people and Trans-National Corporations (Saad-Filho & Johnston 2005)
Identifying the original liberal ideologies and analysing neoliberalism from a world-historical perspective brings us back to the classical debates on the balance between liberty and equality, on how to redistribute resources and on what kind of development is desirable as a long term vision
Summary
Neoliberalism is the grand political and economic project of our time that since the early 1980s has had a tremendous effect on most people around the world. As Harvey (2005) notes, the World Bank and the IMF changed their already disputed policy framework and made a radical change from Keynesian consensus and state-led development to neoliberalism and free market development.
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