Abstract
Alternatives to conventional cancer treatments are highly sought after for high-risk malignancies that have a poor response to established treatment modalities. With research advancing rapidly in the past decade, neoantigen-based immunotherapeutic approaches represent an effective and highly tolerable therapeutic option. Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens that are not expressed in normal cells and possess significant immunogenic potential. Several recent studies have described the conceptual framework and methodologies to generate neoantigen-based vaccines as well as the formulation of appropriate clinical trials to advance this approach for patient care. This review aims to describe some of the key studies in the recent literature in this rapidly evolving field and summarize the current advances in neoantigen identification and selection, vaccine generation and delivery, and the optimization of neoantigen-based therapeutic strategies, including the early data from pivotal clinical studies.
Highlights
Immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer have been rapidly advancing in recent years, both in terms of understanding their mechanism of action as well as their clinical relevance and utility
The objective of this review is to identify and summarize novel experimental findings as they relate to neoantigens, as well as to describe recent advancements to bring neoantigen-based vaccines to the clinic
This has led to the targeting of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs); antigens that are expressed in abnormally large quantities in tumors but still expressed to some degree in normal cells [3]
Summary
Immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer have been rapidly advancing in recent years, both in terms of understanding their mechanism of action as well as their clinical relevance and utility. Neoantigen vaccine-based therapeutics development has seen a significant advancement due to its potential to provide an effective and highly tolerable treatment approach to patients with relapsed or refractory malignancies. The objective of this review is to identify and summarize novel experimental findings as they relate to neoantigens, as well as to describe recent advancements to bring neoantigen-based vaccines to the clinic
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