Abstract
Three different plant extracts (Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica and Daniella oleifera) and two Trichoderma species (T. harzianum and T. atroviride), singly and in combination, were assessed on nematode population changes and also in the control of plant parasitic nematodes on tomato under field condition during 2018 and 2019 planting seasons. During each trial, plant parasitic nematodes encountered in the field were Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema and Helicotylenchus species. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 4 x 3 factorial scheme and five replications. Factor A being plant extracts (Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica, Daniella oleifera) and control, and factor B being bio-control agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride) and control, resulting in 12 treatments. Significant reductions were observed on the population of the plant parasitic nematodes at all treatment levels with neem plant extract, in combination with either T. harzianum or T. atroviride resulted in the greatest significant decrease. Applications of different plant extracts and Trichoderma species, singly and in combination, enhanced the growth and yield of tomato infected with parasitic nematodes.
Highlights
The production of tomato in tropical Africa covered a total area of about 300,000 ha with an estimated annual production of 2.3 million tonnes (Van der Vossen et al, 2004)
Applications of different plant extracts and Trichoderma species, singly and in combination, enhanced the growth and yield of tomato infected with parasitic nematodes
The objectives of this study are to assess the effects of Khaya ivorensis, Azadirachta indica, Daniella oleifera, Trichoderma harzianum and T. atroviride, singly and in combination, on the nematode population changes and in the control of parasitic nematodes on tomato under the field condition
Summary
The production of tomato in tropical Africa covered a total area of about 300,000 ha with an estimated annual production of 2.3 million tonnes (Van der Vossen et al, 2004). Nigeria is the largest producer in tropical Africa with about 26,000 ha and yielding about 879,000 tonnes of fresh fruits annually (FAO, 2004). Tomatoes can grow well in many soil types, ranging from sandy loam to clay-loam. The soil types must be rich in organic matter with a pH range of 6–7 (Van der Vossen et al, 2004). The poor yield of tomato in Nigeria has been attributed to nematode diseases (Olabiyi, 2005 and Udo et al, 2008 and Ogwulumba et al, 2011)
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