Abstract
Objective: Present study was carried out to establish the biocontrol potentiality of nematode extract on Lycopesicon esculentum (Tomato) Pusa Ruby variety infected with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood nematode. Methods/Statistical analysis: We examine in vitro test, phytotoxicity test, in vivo test, in vivo glasshouse bioassay test, PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase) extraction test to identify the effect of nematode extract on tomato plant. One way analysis of variance, ANOVA test is performed in this experiment. Findings: The result of in vitro laboratory bioassay showed that application of nematode extract safe for second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The result of in vivo test revealed that nematode extract increased growth of inoculated plants in terms of shoot length, shoot weight and root length as compared with inoculated untreated plants. Application of nematode extract showed reduction in root gall number and number of nematode eggs in inoculated roots. PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase) activity increased in roots of nematode extract treated plants. Root protein content was greater in inoculated untreated plants compared to treated groups. Application: This is the first study to control plant parasitic nematode M. incognita with nematode extract. In the future it will minimize the global crop loss. Keywords: Biocontrol, Nematode, PAL activity, Root gall
Highlights
Management of plant parasitic nematodes are more difficult than any other pests because they generally inhabit the ‘O’ horizon of soil, so several types of management practices have been developed yet, management with nematode extract is one of the new methods identified in our laboratory
Phenyl-propanoid pathway is the source of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) concentration in plants and is most probably synthesized from trans-cinnamic acid catalysed by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)
PAL activity increased in the roots of tomato sprayed with SA, irrespective of nematode inoculation
Summary
Management of plant parasitic nematodes are more difficult than any other pests because they generally inhabit the ‘O’ horizon of soil, so several types of management practices have been developed yet, management with nematode extract is one of the new methods identified in our laboratory. Nematologists around the world are working significantly to identify and learn to manipulate natural enemies of nematodes, so that they can be used as biological control agents. Several types of bacteria and fungi have been isolated from nematode populations that were apparently being kept at low levels by natural enemies. Phenyl-propanoid pathway is the source of endogenous SA concentration in plants and is most probably synthesized from trans-cinnamic acid catalysed by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). In this experiment we discuss the possibility of nematode control with nematode extract in tomato plants as a new research area
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