Nematode Extract and Acaciasides Use as Preventive Biomedicines Against Plant Diseases: Improved Earth-Environmental-Health-Research Science-TechnologyCommunication and May be Controlled 21st-Century Pandemic Diseases!

Abstract

Traditional chemical control using chemical pesticides available for the last few decades is in a declining status internationally. Thus, there remains a need for developing effective biomedicines which would be cheap, non-phytotoxic, and non-pollutant. Animal-biomedicine, Nematode extract (NE) of the females of Meloidogyne incognita @ 0.14 mg/ plant- and plant-biomedicines, acaciasides (A and B; two triterpenoid saponins) isolated from the funicles of Acacia auriculiformis @ 20 mg/plant, applied by foliar spray on okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Cv. Ankur-40) reduced M. incognita and yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) infection of the host plants and enhanced their growth. Treatment with NE followed by the application of acaciasides gave better control of root-knot and YVMV diseases and promoted higher growth of plants. The protein content of fruits has also been increased in both cases. Using double the dose of acaciasides alone, by foliar spray and soil drench gave no better results with respect to the control of nematodes and viral diseases and growth of the test plants. An analysis of protein, by electrophoresis and densitometer scanning of the test plants, showed that treatment with both the extracts resulted in the increased number of proteins in the roots. This indicates that both the extracts can induce the expression of some new pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, which might have inhibited nematodes and YVMV infection like plant diseases. So, Nematode extract and acaciasides use as preventive potential biomedicines against plant diseases by improving agriculture, crop production, toxic-free earth-environmental-health and research, science-technology, and communication, and may be controlled 21st-century pandemic diseases by increasing natural immunity. And in the future synthetic production of biomedicine-NE will be cost-effective, easily maintainable supply-chains, accurate information, plans for ensuring sustainable developments, continuous supply of essential medicines by improving the biomedicines for the benefit of public health with the development of earth-environmental-health and research.