Nematocidial activity of aqueous solutions of plants of the families Cupressaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cannabaceae and Apiaceae

V V Brygadyrenko,O O Boyko

doi:10.15421/011931

Abstract

In natural ecosystems of animals, introduction of larvae of parasitic nematodes into the litter layer from excrement facilitates their migration and search of new host vertebrate animals. In such conditions they are constantly affected by biologically active substances of the abundant species of plants which grow in pastures. Currently, the influence of substances present in the above-ground part of plants on the vitality of larvae of helminths in the environment remains unstudied. In this article, we present the results of our research on the nematocidial activity in vitro in the aqueous solutions of 21 species of plants distributed in the territory of Steppe Ukraine: Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rosa canina L., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg., Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., Artemisia campestris L., Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cannabis sativa L., Humulus lupulus L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Vicia cracca L., Lotus ucrainicus Klok., Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Eryngium planum L., Conium maculatum L., Juniperus communis L., Thuja occidentalis L. The level of vitality of nematode larvae of the Strongylida (Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803)) and Rhabditida (Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856)) orders varied depending on the species of plant, and also five experimental concentrations in aqueous solutions tested in seven replications. The most notable nematocidial effect was exerted by Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. – we observed death of larvae of third stage development L3 H. contortus and larvae of first-third stages L1–3 S. papillosus at 24 h exposure to 3% aqueous solution. Three percent aqueous solutions of S. officinalis and A. artemisiifolia displayed nematocidial properties only against S. papillosus: death of L1–3 S. papillosus was observed. Aqueous solutions of R. canina, A. vulgaris, A. minus, H. lupulus, V. cracca, L. ucrainicus, O. arenaria, E. planum, C. maculatum, J. communis, Th. occidentalis had lethal effect only on non-invasive larvae (larvae of the first and second stage L1–2) of S. papillosus. They displayed no nematocidial properties towards invasive larvae of H. contortus and S. papillosus. At exposure to aqueous solutions of the rest of the studied species of plants, over 50% of L3 H. contortus and L1–3 S. papillosus larvae remained alive. The determined patterns allow us to state that while living in the litter and soil in the root zone of plants nematode larvae undergoa negative influence caused by some plant species.

Highlights

Species of nematodes of the Strongylida and Rhabditida orders parasitize many domestic and wild mammals (Boyko et al, 2016; Boyko & Brygadyrenko, 2019)
Mortality of non-invasive larvae of S. papillosus L1–2 for most species of the plants compared with invasive stages of S. papillosus L3 and H. contortus L3 was reliably higher (Table 1)
The most resistant to the effect of the studied plants were third stage larvae of H. contortus, they had the lowest mortality of any of the experimental larvae when exposed to aqueous solutions of medicinal herbs

Summary

Introduction

Species of nematodes of the Strongylida and Rhabditida orders parasitize many domestic and wild mammals (Boyko et al, 2016; Boyko & Brygadyrenko, 2019). Rhabditida pathogens of nematodiases in mammals are most often represented by Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856). S. papillosus is a nematode which affects the gastrointestinal tract and breathing organs (at the larva stage). During the experimental infestation of rabbits, Nakamura et al (1994) observed an up to 44% decrease in the body weight with following exhaustion of the studied laboratory animals. Kváč et al (2007) recorded lethal cases of 25% of the calves one a farm in a mountain area in the Czech Republic as a result of parasitization by S. papillosus. The presence of Strongyloides spp. in the organism of mammals is followed by decrease in erythrocytes. The lowest parameters were observed in the animals with high infestation intensity, and the number of neutrophils and eosinophils increased to 44.2 ± 2.5% and 13.3 ± 0.6% respectively with high intensity of strongyloidiasis of animals (Dimitrijević et al, 2016)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion