Nematicidal efficacies of several organic and microbial fertilizers against Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in organic tomato farming

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine of the efficacy of some materials such as organic and microbial fertilizers and some plant extracts having nematicidal effects against Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica) as a Biocontrol method in organic tomato (cv. Gokce) production. As the chemical control treatment using with the Fenamiphos (Nemacur® EC 400), garlic extracts (NemGuard®), biological control preparations containing the spores of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (Bioact® WG 400g), sesame oil (Nemax®), organic fertilizer (Agro-full Nemaflash®), the extracts of Quillaja saponaria (QLAgri® 35), thymus extracts (Bionem®), Neem oil extracts (NeemAzal®-T/S), and double combination of some of these materials were used in the trails. The experiments were conducted according to randomized block design with four replicates during the autumn (August-January) of two successive years (2010 and 2011). The population densities of the second stage juvenile of root knot nematode were evaluate to determine the effects of the treatments. Also, yield loses and gall scale of the plants were determined at the end of the trials. In 2010, the use of Bioact®+QLAgri® 35 (37.83%) and Nemax®+QLAgri® 35 (36.87%); in 2011, Nemax® (10.84%) and NemGuard® (9.62%) reduced the root galling caused by nematodes when compared to the control plants. In terms of tomato yield, in 2010 the use of Agro-full Nemaflash® (27.50%) and Nemax®+Bioact® (21.19%); in 2011 Bioact®+QLAgri® 35 (23.67%) and Nemax®+Bioact® (14.29%) increased yield significantly. Consequently the sesame oil (Nemax®) is alone or combined with usage of some other materials could be more effective to control M. incognita and M. javanica in organic tomato production