Neither elitism nor egalitarianism:Gifted education as a third force in american education∗

Abstract

This article argues that there are three traditions in American politics that have filtered into American education. The first, Hamiltonian tradition, is essentially elitist, and is based on the idea that there is an upper cognitive or other class that is intrinsically superior to other groups. Those following this tradition seek to identify a class of people in whom to concentrate the resources and power of society. The second, Jacksonian tradition, is essentially egalitarian, and is based on the idea that everyone is equal to everyone else in every way that matters. Those following this tradition seek to equalize not only opportunities, but outcomes, because everyone should be doing comparable work and making equal contributions. These two traditions have battled for dominance in American society, as the polar right and the polar left, and have largely crowded out a third, Jeffersonian tradition, which is neither elitist nor egalitarian. Those following this tradition believe in equality of opportunity ...