Neither duration of progesterone insert nor initial GnRH treatment affected pregnancy per timed-insemination in dairy heifers subjected to a Co-synch protocol

Abstract

Our objectives were to: 1) compare response to cloprostenol, synchrony of ovulation, and pregnancy per timed-AI (P/TAI) in a 5 d versus a 7 d Co-synch + PRID protocol (Experiment 1); and 2) investigate whether the initial GnRH is necessary to achieve acceptable P/TAI in a 5 d Co-synch + PRID protocol (Experiment 2) in dairy heifers. In Experiment 1, 64 Holstein heifers, 15 to 17 mo, were assigned by age to receive 100 μg of GnRH and a PRID for 5 or 7 d (PRID5 and PRID7, respectively). At PRID removal 500 μg of cloprostenol (PGF) was given i.m. Heifers received the second GnRH treatment concurrently with TAI at 72 (PRID5) or 56 (PRID7) h after PRID removal. Transrectal ultrasonography monitored ovarian dynamics, ovulation synchrony, and pregnancy status (28 and 45 d after TAI). Plasma progesterone concentrations were determined at PRID removal and TAI. Five of seven heifers that ovulated before TAI became pregnant, and only two heifers did not respond to PGF treatment in the PRID5 group. Five PRID5 and 2 PRID7 heifers failed to ovulate after the second GnRH. However, P/TAI did not differ between PRID5 (59.4%) and PRID7 (58.1%). Overall ovulation response to first GnRH treatment was only 31.7%, and a larger proportion of heifers that did not ovulate became pregnant (65.1 versus 45.0%). In Experiment 2, 56 Holstein heifers, assigned as in Experiment 1, were subjected to a PRID5 protocol with (PRID5G) or without (PRID5NoG) GnRH at PRID insertion; all heifers were TAI 72 h after PRID removal. Transrectal ultrasonography and progesterone determinations were performed as in Experiment 1. Pregnancy per TAI did not differ whether or not heifers received GnRH at PRID insertion (67.9 versus 71.4%). Consistent with our previous findings, seven of nine heifers that ovulated before TAI became pregnant, and only two heifers did not respond to PGF treatment. Combining both experiments, length of proestrus but not ovulatory follicle diameter was identified as a significant predictor of probability of pregnancy 28 d after TAI, with a maximum predicted probability of 80.1% when the length of proestrus was 3 d. In summary, a PRID5 protocol resulted in comparable P/TAI to a PRID7 protocol. Most of the heifers that ovulated before TAI in the PRID5, PRID5G, and PRID5NoG protocols became pregnant. More than one PGF or a GnRH treatment at PRID insertion in a 5 d Co-synch + PRID protocol was not required to achieve acceptable P/TAI in dairy heifers.