Abstract
Neighborhood revitalization efforts and programs, both public and private, will be reviewed. This will include early efforts at elimination of slums led by settlement houses, housing reformers, and social workers. This was followed by government programs like housing and health codes, public housing, urban renewal (both slum clearance and rehabilitation), model cities, neighborhood planning and redevelopment, and, most recently in the US, the Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Communities program. The gentrification phenomenon is discussed. Various techniques of neighborhood revitalization will be reviewed, as well as critiques of their impact. Likewise, community development programs, both public and private, will be reviewed. Efforts undertaken in the US by private foundations (‘intermediaries’) will be reviewed as well. The role of community organizations like community development corporations will be discussed. Emphasis is primarily on the US, with reference to North America and Western Europe.
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